telaah pranata masyarakat inggris

1. Why the other name of Union Flag in UK is Union Jack?

Because it embodies the emblems of three countries united under one monarch.
And according to the sources that I read, The first use of the name 'Union' appears in 1625. There are various theories how it became known as the 'Union Jack', but most of the evidence points to the name being derived from the use of the word 'jack' as a diminutive. This word was in use before 1600 to describe a small flag flown from the small mast mounted on the bowsprit, and by 1627 it appears that a small version of the Union flag was commonly flown in this position. For some years it was called just 'the Jack', or 'Jack flag', or 'the King's Jack', but by 1674, while formally referred to as 'His Majesty's Jack', it was commonly called the Union Jack, and this was officially acknowledged.

Sourch : http://www.crwflags.com

2. why were the crosses named st. Andrew, st. Patrick, and st. george? Are those the names of important of people?

*St Andrew : Andrew was one of Christ's disciples and legend has it he was active in Scythia, and crucified on a cross with diagonal beams. His remains were preserved, and (again by legend) Constantine wanted to remove them to Constantinople. A Greek monk was warned by an angel of this intent, and instructed to take them to the ends of the Earth. This he did, until he was shipwrecked in Scotland. Some of Andrew's relics were known to have been brought to St. Andrews, Scotland, by the Bishop of Hexham in 733 AD (Hexham Abbey is also dedicated to St. Andrew). In 1160 AD, St. Andrews Cathedral was erected, and the saint's relics were kept there until the cathedral was destroyed during the Reformation. The earliest record to the Saint Andrew's cross flag dates from 1165 AD, where reference is made to a 9th Century battle. This was known in the 16th Century, although no record of the original source remains today.

*St. Patrick : Saint Patrick was a Christian missionary and is the patron saint of Ireland along with Brigid of Kildare and Kolumba. Patrick was born in Roman Britain. When 16 years old, he was arrested by Irish robbers and brought as slaves to Ireland. There he stayed for six years, then fled and returned to his family. He entered the church, as well as his father and grandfather before, became a deacon and the bishop. Later he returned to Ireland as a missionary, working in the area north and west of the island, but little is known about where he actually worked and no link could be found between Patrick with any church. In the 8th century, he has become the patron saint of Ireland, mainly because the monastery propaganda Armagh who claimed to save relics. Irish monasteries developed the system after a period of Patrick and the Church of Ireland did not develop the diocesan model that has been tried established by Patrick and other early missionaries.
The available evidence does not allow us to establish with certainty the time of Patrick, but it seems he was active as a missionary in Ireland in the latter half of the 5th century. Two letters survive, along with a number of recent hagiografia from the 7th century onwards. Many of these works can not be accepted as an authentic tradition. When the history of Ulster (see below) accepted uncritically, so that means Patrick live at 373 to 493, and served in Northern Ireland since 433.

Legend also mentions that Patrick teaches the concept of the Trinity to the nation Isrlandia by showing them the leaf shamrock, clover type with three pieces of leaves, and use it to show the Christian belief of 'three persons in one God' (so opposed to the Arian belief that popular at the time Patrick ). Are these legends true or not, the fact that there are so many legends about Patrick shows how important his ministry for the Irish. Some Irish legends involve Oilliphéist, Caoránach, and Copóg Phádraig.

*St. george : St George's Cross (or the Cross of St George) is a red cross on a white background used as a symbolic reference to Saint George . The red cross on white was associated with St George from medieval times. St George's Cross has been adopted on the coat of arms and flags of several countries and cities which have St George as a patron saint, notably England , Georgia , Greece , Genoa and Barcelona . The cross is also found, for various reasons, on the provincial flag of Huesca , Zaragoza and Teruel as well as the municipal flag for numerous cities, including Montreal , Almería , Milan , Genoa , Padua , Zadar and Freiburg im Breisgau . It is also the basis for the Four Moors flag of Sardinia . Guernsey was permitted to use it as its state flag between 1936 and 1985. Historically, the cross appeared on many now extinct flags, emblems and coats of arms, such as that of the Swabian League in late Medieval Germany. Historically, the cross appeared on many now extinct flags, emblems and coats of arms, such as that of the Swabian League in late Medieval Germany.




3. Why it was only nothen Ireland, why shouthern Ireland didn’t joined?

In 1922, Southern ireland was finally granted independance from the UK, with northern Ireland (as Ulster was now known) remaining part of the UK and having Home Rule, whereby they would manage their own internal affairs. Southern Ireland was now satisfied, but in Northern ireland there was conflict between revolutionaries who wanted to join the independant southern ireland, and those who wanted to remain part of the UK. There were also problems in that the Northern ireland parliament governed in a disciminatory way, deliberately treating protestants favourably and discriminating against catholics (who made up 1/3 of the population)

Sourch : http://uk.answers.yahoo.com

misteri hilangnya sang wartawan

kamar itu kini gelap tertinggalkan.Beberapa foto hasil reportase tergantung setelah dikeringkan.
Tampaknya foto tersebut yang menjadi saksi terakhir pada malam sang wartawan itu hilang tanpa jejak.
sementara itu satu minggu telah berlalu.Tidak ada kepastian yang jelas tentang si wartawan.Wartawan itu hanya meninggalkan foto-foto hasil kameranya dan baju-bajunya.

Polisi masih menyelidiki misteri hilangnya sang wartawan.Tapi sampai kini belum mendapat kepastian dimana wartawan itu sekarang.
mereka masih mencari bukti-bukti yang masih tertinggal.

tiga minggu berlalu,sang wartawan tak kunjun ditemukan.Kepolisian segera menyebarkan kabar orang hilang dengan ciri-ciri membawa kameranya dan telanjang (mengingat semua bajunya ditinggalkan).
Ada beberapa ciri yang menonjol dari si wartawan.Salah satu telinganya terdapat bekas luka sepanjang 3cm.Polisi pun semakin semangat untuk mencari si wartawan karena ciri-ciri si wartawan semakin terkuak.
apalagi ada kabar terdengar kalau si wartawan merupakan salah satu aktifis di 3 lembaga masyarakat yang berada di jalur sosial.semakin banyak bantuan yang datang dari rekan-rekannya di LSM.

Mereka sekalian turut membantu polisi menyelidiki kasus ini.Setelah beberapa bulan tak menemukan hasil,akhirnya polisi menemukan sebuah info penting.Info dari bank one di tv one.
ternyata kasus ini ada kaitannya dengan capres dan cawapres.

Setelah diselidiki dengan menyewa detektif terkenal dari jepang yang bernama conan edogawa,ada satu kenyataan yang terungkap.polisi segera menyiapkan segala keperluan operasi gabungan ini.Ini adalah pertama kalinya polisi kuwalahan.Karena itulah TNI AD, TNI AL, TNI AU, dan beberapa intelegent dikerahkan.

Wartawan lain pun sibuk membuat berita hilangnya rekan mereka.Di headline news, breaking news, semua memberitakan kegagalan operasi gabungan ini.Para pakar sibuk menganalisa kemanakah sang wartawan?

Dan hingga kini pun hilangnya wartawanmasih menjadi misteri. Ia bagaikan hilang di telan bumi.Tak ada yang tau hingga kini.

IMAN KEPADA HARI AKHIR

Iman kpd hari akhir merupakan salah satu rangkaian rukun iman yaitu rukun iman yg ke-5.
Seseorang yg meyakini akan adanya hari akhir dimana manusia akan dihadapkan pada pengadilan allah,
maka seseorang itu akan berhati-hati dalam sikap dan perbuatannya karena takut akan siksa allah.
Dalam surat Al-baqarah ayat 4 dinyatakan :
“Dan mereka yg beriman kpd kitab (al-Qur’an) yg telah diturunkan kepadamu (Muhammad) dan kitab-kitab yg telah diturunkan sebelumnya serta mereka yakin akan adanya (kehidupan) akhirat”.

Memahami ayat dan meyakini isi kandungannya, maka menjadi bertambah yakin kapan kiamat terjadi tidak seorangpun yg tahu bahkan Rasulullah sendiri tidak mengetahui,
sebagaimana firman Allah dalam surat Al A’raf ayat 187 :
“Mereka menanyakan kepadamu tentang kiamat, bilakah terjadi? Katakanlah : sesungguhnya pengetahuan tentang kiamat itu ada di sisi tuhanku.
Tidak seorangpun yg dapat menjelaskan waktu kedatangannya selain dia kiamat itu amat berat (bagi makhluk) yg di langit dan di bumi kiamat itu tidak akan datang kepadamu, melainkan dengan tiba-tiba.

Kiamat ada dua macam yaitu :
1. kiamat sughra
Kiamat Sugra ialah kiamat kecil seperti terjadinya bencana alam seperti,gempa bumi,tsunami,dll.
2. Kiamat kubro
Kiamat Kubro ialah kiamat besar yaitu hanyutnya alam semesta beserta isinya dan setelah itu manusia dikumpulkan di padang mahsyar untuk diadili atas perbuatannya semasa di dunia.

VN:D [1.6.8_931]

what do you think about grammar?

Grammar is the study or science of rules for , the combination of a words into sentences (syntax), and the form of the words (morphology). According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English The rules exist not just to enable us to be understood but to create a framework in which we may be clearly and quickly understood. Therefore, to facilitate understanding, we have, over time, agreed upon certain traditions of word order, syntax (sentence structure), punctuation, and all of the other elements of what we call grammar. Though grammar may be hard to master, these grammatical conventions make communication easier. They are a means to an end, and those who say that grammar doesn’t matter would deprive all of us of those means. Certainly, the usefulness of some of the finer points of grammar is debatable. We will always have quibbles about when it is proper, for example, to use who and whom. Such controversies often arise because language is dynamic – i.e., it constantly but gradually changes and will continue to do so. In modern times, words and usage have begun to change much more rapidly, partly as a result of faster and more extensive communication among diverse groups with different traditions. Grammatical conventions change too, though far more slowly than vocabulary and usage. Modern English grammar actually differs only slightly The case for proper grammar is quite similar to the case for common courtesy, which also seems to be under attack recently. Both are marks not only of refinement but of civilization. Both comprise traditions that people have agreed upon over time to make our living together a little easier.

Keluarga sebagai media sosialisasi dalam pembentukan kepribadian

Keluarga merupakan media awal dari suatu proses sosialisasi.Begitu seorang bayi dilahirkan, ia sudah berhubungan dengan kedua orang tuanya, kakak-kakaknya, dan mungkin dengan saudara dekat lainnya.

Sebagai anggota keluarga yg baru di lahirkan, ia sangat tergantung pada perlindungan dan bantuan anggota-anggota keluarganya. Proses sosialisasi awal ini dimulai dengan proses belajar menyesuaikan diri dan mengikuti setiap apa yg diajarkan oleh orang-orang dekat sekitar lingkungan keluarganya, seperti belajar makan, berbicara, berjalan, hingga belajar bertindak dan berperilaku.

Dalam keluarga, orang tua mencurahkan perhatian untuk mendidik anaknya agar anak tersebut memperoleh dasar-dasar pola pergaulan hidup yg benar melalui penanaman disiplin sehingga membentuk kepribadian yg baik bagi si anak.

Oleh karena itu, orang tua sangat berperan untuk :
1. selalu dekat dengan anak-anaknya,
2. memberi pengawasan dan pengendalian yg wajar,sehingga jiwa anak tidak merasa tertekan,
3. mendorong agar anak dapat membedakan antara benar dan salah,baik dan buruk,pantas dan tidak pantas dan sebagainya,
4. ibu dan ayah dapat membawakan peran sebagai orang tua yg baik serta menghindarkan perbuatan dan perlakuan buruk serta keliru di hadapan anak-anaknya,dan
5. menasihati anak-anaknya jika melakukan kesalahan serta menunjukkan dan mengarahkan mereka ke jalan yg benar

Apabila terjadi suatu kondisi yg berlainan dengan hal di atas, maka anak-anak akan mengalami kekecewaan.kondisi tersebut disebabkan oleh beberapa hal antara lain:
1. orang tua kurang memperhatikan anak-anaknya,terlalu sibuk dengan kepentingan-kepentingannya,sehingga anak merasa diabaikan,hubungan anak dengan orang tua menjadi jauh,padahal anak sangat memerlukan kasih saying mereka, dan
2. Orang tua terlalu memksakan kehendak dan gagasannya kepada anak sehingga sang anak menjadi tertekan jiwanya.

Dalam lingkungan keluarga kita mengenal dua macam pola sosialisai, yaitu dengan cara represif (repressive socialization) yg mengutamakan adanya ketaatan anak pada orang tua dan cara partisipasi (participatory socialization) yg mengutamakan adanya partisipasi dari anak.

1. Sosialisasi represif (repressive socialization) antara lain:
a. menghukum perilaku yg keliru,
b. hukuman dan imbalan material
c. kepatuhan anak.

2. Sosialisasi partisipasi (participatory socialization) antara lain:
a. Otonomi anak
b. Komunikasi sebagai interaksi
c. Komunikasi verbal.

Keseluruhan sistem belajar mengajar bsebagai bentuk sosialisasi dalam keluarga bisa disebut sistem pendidikan keluarga.Sistem pendidikan keluarga dilaksanakan melalui pola asuh yaitu suatu pola untuk menjaga,merawat,dan membesarkan anak,Pola ini tentu saja tidak dimaksudkan pola mengasuh anak yg dilakukan oleh perawat atau baby sitter,seperti yg sering dilakukan oleh kalangan keluarga elit/kaya di kota-kota besar.

Pola mengasuh anak di dalam keluarga sangat dipengaruhi oleh system nilai,norma,dan adat istiadat yg berlaku pada masyarakat tempat keluarga itu tinggal. Jadi, kepribadian dan pola perilaku yg terdapat pada berbagai masyarakat suku bangsa sangat beragam coraknya.

Resensi Novel 5 cm

Ada lima sahabat yang telah menjalin persahabatan selama tujuh tahun. Mereka adalah Arial yang paling tampan, Riani sebagai satu-satunya wanita dalam kelompok itu, Zafran yang berlagak seperti seorang penyair, Ian yang paling subur badannya, dan Genta yang dianggap sebagai leader dalam kelompok itu. Mereka memiliki kegemaran yang aneh-aneh mulai dari mengunjungi kafe dari yang termahal dan yang termurah, sampai menonton layar tancap. Hingga suatu saat dikarenakan ada rasa bosan satu sama lain, mereka memutuskan untuk tidak saling bertemu dan berkomunikasi selama tiga bulan. Dimana saat itulah mereka menemukan hal-hal baru yang memperkaya hidup mereka sebelumnya. Pertemuan setelah tiga bulan yang penuh dengan rasa kangen akhirnya dirayakan dengan sebuah perjalanan. Dimana sebuah perjalanan ini penuh dengan keyakinan, cita-cita, mimpi, dan cinta. Perpisahan dan perjalanan yang mereka lewati ini ternyata telah membuat mereka menjadi manusia yang sesungguhnya, tidak hanya seonggok daging yang hanya bisa bicara, berjalan, dan punya nama.

Novel karangan Donny Dhirgantoro ini memberikan kepada para pembaca suatu ajakan untuk lebih mencintai tanah air yang kaya ini. Penggambaran tokoh-tokoh utama dalam cerita ini cukup spesifik membuat pembaca seolah-olah kenal dengan mereka. Walaupun konflik dalam cerita ini kurang, tetapi cerita ini merupakan cerita yang bagus karena ringan dan mudah dipahami. Didalam cerita ini banyak terdapat lirik-lirik lagu mancanegara sehingga jika tidak semua pembaca tahu bagaimana lagu dari lirik tersebut. Meskipun begitu, cerita ini diselingi dengan kata-kata dan kalimat yang dapat menunjukkan kepada para pembaca bagaimana makna hidup itu dan bagaimana kita menjalani hidup ini dengan sebaik-baiknya. Meskipun dalam novel ini tidak diterangkan apakah cerita didalamnya itu bersifat nyata secara keseluruhan atau hanya fiksi tetapi cerita ini telah mampu menghanyutkan pembacanya kedalam sebuah kisah yang bermanfaat bagi seorang manusia.

Sama halnya dengan novel-novel laris yang lainnya seperti Ayat-Ayat Cinta dan Laskar Pelangi, mudah-mudahan cerita dari novel ini secepatnya dapat diangkat ke layar lebar. ^^

avenged sevenfold biography

“They’re cheesy. They sing nowadays; they should scream like they used to. They’re sellouts.” They fight. They fuck. They destroy hotel rooms. They’re misunderstood. They are warm. They are loyal. They are brave. They are authentic. They are disciplined. As musicians, the members of Avenged Sevenfold are definite virtuosos in a time when being accomplished artists seemingly means so little. They are inquisitive and never fully satisfied with their own work. They seek to grow and improve every day, regardless of the obstacles or costs involved. They are a rock band. They are rock stars. They are Avenged Sevenfold. Avenged Sevenfold, the album, is a self-produced effort. While the band shared co-production credit on 2005’s million-selling City Of Evil with Mudrock, this new album is solely their responsibility — and they’re primed to accept it. But attaining such stature didn’t arrive in an overnight jaunt. To the contrary, Avenged Sevenfold had been an integral part of the independent, underground rock scene years before breaking through on commercial radio. In fact, the Orange County, California-based act launched its career several years ago (they were barely out of high school) with the release of its debut in July 2001 of Sounding The Seventh Trumpet. Miles of van touring ensued, performing in tightly packed clubs, and sweating shoulder-to-shoulder on both national and international levels. Despite the truly D.I.Y. affair (which still found the fledgling act putting on an eye-opening, elaborate stage show), Avenged Sevenfold never offered anything less than a full-throttle set. The band released its second independent full-length in August 2003, Waking The Fallen, a couple years later, greatly expanding on its metal-based foundation and giving us a not-so-subtle nudge that something exciting was in the imminent forecast. Our suspicions were confirmed a couple years later, with Avenged Sevenfold’s breakthrough 2005 Warner Bros. debut, City Of Evil, featuring the wildly popular single “Bat Country.” That was the turning point for the fearless, genre-bending quintet that, after years of clocking in on the independent level, had finally advanced towards a milestone they had been seeking throughout their careers. A7X wrapped 18 months of relentless touring in October 2006 and immediately began writing Avenged Sevenfold. After the success of City Of Evil — where they proved they had truly captured the imagination of music fans of all shapes and sizes — they became the only band to headline Warped Tour and Ozzfest while simultaneously hitting Number One on MTV’s TRL. The natural question was whether the band would continue its creative odyssey or return to the formula that brought them such success on the last go-around. Thankfully, they continued their musical exploration without caving in to any outside influences. For this self-titled release, the act returned to the garage at M. Shadows’ parents’ home where these high-school friends had penned every other song in their discography. The band sought to delve into genres and recording techniques they had discovered on the road. For instance, they wanted to incorporate the narrative lyrics and biting guitar tones they’d admired in country music, as well as the powerful bottom end of hip-hop they felt would only add to the power of their music and message. “All those months on the bus we really weren’t finding new rock that was moving us,” says frontman M. Shadows. “Instead, we were listening to everything from Toby Keith to T.I., and finding elements we could incorporate into what we were doing to make our next record more interesting to us.” In the studio, Avenged Sevenfold enlisted engineers Fred Archambault and Dave Schiffman (System Of A Down, Johnny Cash, Red Hot Chili Peppers), and the team went to work. The resulting sound and rhythm of Avenged Sevenfold is, in a word, eclectic. Yet it’s still trademark A7X. “‘Scream’ has a groove we really wanted to inject into this record,” says guitarist Synyster Gates. “And on ‘Lost,’ you can hear the influence melodic bands like NOFX have always had on our band.” A7X composed the string sections, including the individual instrument orchestration, with the assistance of Marc Mann and Steve Bartek from Oingo Boingo (and who currently orchestrate for Danny Elfman). With the soaring strings in “Afterlife,” the haunting and theatrical performance of “A Little Piece Of Heaven,” or the gentle vocals of a child in “Unbound,” the band’s creative and varied approach is surprising. Percussionist Lenny Castro brought a dynamic to “Brompton Cocktail,” and noted pedal steel and banjo player Greg Leisz added a country flair to the song “Dear God.” Yet as Gates adds, “it’s the dueling guitars, Shadows’ voice and the Rev’s brutality that make every one of the songs sound like Avenged Sevenfold.”

Lyrically, Shadows was striving for something more personal on the new album. “I feel we all experience a certain inner conflict, the push and pull between how we think we should act, or want to act, and the temptations and human instincts that we often blame when we don’t end up being the person we want to be.”

In fact, the album’s first single, “Almost Easy,” focuses on more similar temptations. “Afterlife” addresses the notion of “memento mori,” or the need to remember that death may intervene before we have reconciled differences with friends or loved ones. These guys worked their asses off making Avenged Sevenfold (enlisting studio legend Andy Wallace to mix the record), literally sweating every detail with the same (if not stronger) conviction they had years earlier in trying to prove themselves to the masses. But it’s best you understand what was really going on during the three months these five best friends were holed up making Avenged Sevenfold.