telaah pranata masyarakat inggris

1. Why the other name of Union Flag in UK is Union Jack?

Because it embodies the emblems of three countries united under one monarch.
And according to the sources that I read, The first use of the name 'Union' appears in 1625. There are various theories how it became known as the 'Union Jack', but most of the evidence points to the name being derived from the use of the word 'jack' as a diminutive. This word was in use before 1600 to describe a small flag flown from the small mast mounted on the bowsprit, and by 1627 it appears that a small version of the Union flag was commonly flown in this position. For some years it was called just 'the Jack', or 'Jack flag', or 'the King's Jack', but by 1674, while formally referred to as 'His Majesty's Jack', it was commonly called the Union Jack, and this was officially acknowledged.

Sourch : http://www.crwflags.com

2. why were the crosses named st. Andrew, st. Patrick, and st. george? Are those the names of important of people?

*St Andrew : Andrew was one of Christ's disciples and legend has it he was active in Scythia, and crucified on a cross with diagonal beams. His remains were preserved, and (again by legend) Constantine wanted to remove them to Constantinople. A Greek monk was warned by an angel of this intent, and instructed to take them to the ends of the Earth. This he did, until he was shipwrecked in Scotland. Some of Andrew's relics were known to have been brought to St. Andrews, Scotland, by the Bishop of Hexham in 733 AD (Hexham Abbey is also dedicated to St. Andrew). In 1160 AD, St. Andrews Cathedral was erected, and the saint's relics were kept there until the cathedral was destroyed during the Reformation. The earliest record to the Saint Andrew's cross flag dates from 1165 AD, where reference is made to a 9th Century battle. This was known in the 16th Century, although no record of the original source remains today.

*St. Patrick : Saint Patrick was a Christian missionary and is the patron saint of Ireland along with Brigid of Kildare and Kolumba. Patrick was born in Roman Britain. When 16 years old, he was arrested by Irish robbers and brought as slaves to Ireland. There he stayed for six years, then fled and returned to his family. He entered the church, as well as his father and grandfather before, became a deacon and the bishop. Later he returned to Ireland as a missionary, working in the area north and west of the island, but little is known about where he actually worked and no link could be found between Patrick with any church. In the 8th century, he has become the patron saint of Ireland, mainly because the monastery propaganda Armagh who claimed to save relics. Irish monasteries developed the system after a period of Patrick and the Church of Ireland did not develop the diocesan model that has been tried established by Patrick and other early missionaries.
The available evidence does not allow us to establish with certainty the time of Patrick, but it seems he was active as a missionary in Ireland in the latter half of the 5th century. Two letters survive, along with a number of recent hagiografia from the 7th century onwards. Many of these works can not be accepted as an authentic tradition. When the history of Ulster (see below) accepted uncritically, so that means Patrick live at 373 to 493, and served in Northern Ireland since 433.

Legend also mentions that Patrick teaches the concept of the Trinity to the nation Isrlandia by showing them the leaf shamrock, clover type with three pieces of leaves, and use it to show the Christian belief of 'three persons in one God' (so opposed to the Arian belief that popular at the time Patrick ). Are these legends true or not, the fact that there are so many legends about Patrick shows how important his ministry for the Irish. Some Irish legends involve Oilliphéist, Caoránach, and Copóg Phádraig.

*St. george : St George's Cross (or the Cross of St George) is a red cross on a white background used as a symbolic reference to Saint George . The red cross on white was associated with St George from medieval times. St George's Cross has been adopted on the coat of arms and flags of several countries and cities which have St George as a patron saint, notably England , Georgia , Greece , Genoa and Barcelona . The cross is also found, for various reasons, on the provincial flag of Huesca , Zaragoza and Teruel as well as the municipal flag for numerous cities, including Montreal , Almería , Milan , Genoa , Padua , Zadar and Freiburg im Breisgau . It is also the basis for the Four Moors flag of Sardinia . Guernsey was permitted to use it as its state flag between 1936 and 1985. Historically, the cross appeared on many now extinct flags, emblems and coats of arms, such as that of the Swabian League in late Medieval Germany. Historically, the cross appeared on many now extinct flags, emblems and coats of arms, such as that of the Swabian League in late Medieval Germany.




3. Why it was only nothen Ireland, why shouthern Ireland didn’t joined?

In 1922, Southern ireland was finally granted independance from the UK, with northern Ireland (as Ulster was now known) remaining part of the UK and having Home Rule, whereby they would manage their own internal affairs. Southern Ireland was now satisfied, but in Northern ireland there was conflict between revolutionaries who wanted to join the independant southern ireland, and those who wanted to remain part of the UK. There were also problems in that the Northern ireland parliament governed in a disciminatory way, deliberately treating protestants favourably and discriminating against catholics (who made up 1/3 of the population)

Sourch : http://uk.answers.yahoo.com